Podaj mi sol, prosim!

Katjin blog

Količina soli je podobna tema kot količina maščobe . Vsi imamo zakoreninjeno v naših glavah, da je preveč slana hrana in preveč soli izredno škodljivo in vsak od nas zna našteti kup težav, ki nas lahko doletijo, če solimo preveč. V bistvu je zadeva popolnoma upravičena, dokler se prehranjujemo »klasično« in je naš vir energije glukoza-torej ogljikovi hidrati. In tu se zadeva s soljo konča. Na žalost se pomembnost soli v LCHF/KETO prehrani premalo zavedamo, saj niti ne poznamo njene vloge v organizmu.

Pa poglejmo kaj se zgodi z metabolizmom, ko preklopimo na maščobo, kot vir energije. 

Pri metabolizmu, ki temelji na glukozi, jetra proizvajajo glikogen. Glikogen je topen v vodi in se po krvi prenaša po telesu do celic in tkiv, ki ga potrebujejo za energijo. Glikogen se shranjuje v mišicah in jetrih  in je na voljo, ko ga organizem potrebuje. Temu rečemo glikogenske zaloge. Glikogen je shranjen v tekoči obliki – viri navajajo da je 1g glikogena shranjen v 3-4 g vode.

Ko se odločimo spremeniti prehrano in močno omejimo ogljikove hidrate v naši prehrani, tudi ni več potrebe po glukozi, kot viru goriva. Zato ni produkcije glikogena. In kaj se zgodi? Organizem ima nov vir energije – to so maščobne kisline iz katerih jetra naredijo ketone. O ketonih smo pisali v blogu Kaj so ketoni? In ker organizem ne potrebuje več glukoze in glikogena, se tega znebi. Kako? Preko izločanja odvečne vode. To je tudi eden izmed razlogov zakaj lahko teža na začetku zelo hitro pade. Rečemo, da gre stran voda. In to dejansko drži. 

In kaj ima sol s tem???

Ugotovili smo, da se organizem na LCHF/KETO prehrani znebi zalog vode in glikogena. Kako? Preko urina in potenja.

In takrat se lahko zgodi, da se nam poruši ravnovesje elektrolitov in lahko celo nastopi rahla dehidracija. Kombinacija pomanjkanja elektrolitov (natrij v soli je eden izmed najpomembnejših elektrolitov) in dehidracije pa lahko povzroča take in drugačne težave:

  • glavoboli
  • vrtoglavice
  • utrujenost
  • bolečine v mišicah, krči v nogah
  • porušen ritem bitja srca
  • povišan pulz
  • zaprtje
  • ...

Da pa zadeva ni preveč enostavna, pa stopi v igro še INZULIN.

Ena izmed manj poznanih nalog INZULINA je tudi signalizacija ledvicam glede zadrževanja vode in soli. Ko jemo ogljikove hidrate se inzulin dvigne. Ledvice dobijo signal, da morajo zadržati sol oz. vodo, v kateri je sol in je ne smejo izločit. Torej klasična hidratna prehrana, ki je (pre)bogata s količino soli je dejansko lahko nevarna. Večja količina soli, ki jo zadržujejo ledvice (ob povišanem inzulinu) lahko vodi v okvaro ledvic, povišan krvni tlak itd…  

Ko pa iz prehrane črtamo oziroma zelo omejimo ogljikove hidrate, se pa zgodi ravno nasprotno. 

Nihanja inzulina ni (ker ni vnosa glukoze), kar pomeni, da dobijo ledvice signal, da lahko odvečno skladiščeno vodo izločijo. In to je razlog, da organizem na LCHF/KETO prehrani ne zadržuje vode in da večina ljudi najprej opazi da niso več napihnjeni in zatečeni. Preko vode, ki jo naše ledvice redno in pravilno odvajajo, pa odhajajo tudi vsi elektroliti. Več o elektrolitih si lahko prebereš v blogu Pomembnost elektrolitov pri LCHF/KETO prehrani.

Zaradi teh dveh glavnih opisanih razlogov (ni glikogena in ni nihanja inzulina) je zelo pomembno, da vnos soli na LCHF/KETO prehrani skrbno spremljamo. To je izrednega pomena na začetku, ko organizem še ni adaptiran in zelo hitro se zgodi, da pride do resnega pomanjkanja ali do dehidracije. Vse se ponavadi izraža v obliki težav, omenjenih na začetku.

In koliko soli naj bi zaužili dnevno?

V bistvu je natrij tisti pomembni element v soli, ki ga potrebujemo. 

Dnevna potreba po natriju znaša med 5.000 mg – 7.000 mg. In kako to pretvorimo v potrebno količino soli? 1g soli vsebuje približno 388 mg natrija. Torej preprost izračun pove, da je dnevno potrebno vnesti 13-18 g SOLI. To sta 2 konkretni čajni žlički soli! Potrebno se je kar potruditi da zadostimo taki količini. Nujno je potrebno spremljati zadosten vnos soli pri povečani fizični aktivnosti, poleti in ob dnevih posta. Seveda ne smemo pozabiti na ostale elektrolite, kot sta magnezij in kalij!

Podaj mi sol, prosim!

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